Improvement in apparatus for heating dwellings



2 Sheets--Sheet1.

.l. I. JOHNSTON. Apparatus for He'ating Dweliings. $10,148,831, Patented March24,1874.

2Sheets--Sh eet2. 1J1. IBHNSTOH. Apparatus for Heating Dwellings.

N0,l48,83I. I Patented March 24,1874.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()F-FIGE.

JAMES J. JOHNSTON, OF COLUMBIANA, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING DWE'LLINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 148,831, dated March 24, 1874; application filed September 5, 1873.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES J. JOHNSTON, of Golumbiana, in the county of Oolumbiana and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Heating Dwellings, 850.; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to an improvement in heating apparatus for dwellings, offices, churches, and public halls; and consists of an outer case din'ded into two compartments, the lower being provided with a stove having a fire-chamber communicating with a series of coniform flues and an air-induction chamber arranged midway between the first flue and the adjoining fiues, said stove being sur rounded with a sheet-metal casin g having air chambers between it and the outer case. The upper compartment is provided with front doors, and a register in its top, and communicates with the lower compartment by a door in its floor, and is furnished with a flue for carrying off vapors, the whole being so constructed and arranged that the air of the room in which the apparatus is placed is caused to revolve by the cold air entering the sheetmetal casing around the stove, where, becoming heated and rarefied, it will pass into the upper chamber and out through the register in its top, and thus the air of the room will be revolved and heated to the desired temperature.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of my specification, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improvement in apparatus for heating dwellings, &c. Fig. 2 is a vertical and longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical and transverse section of the same at line y of Fig. 2.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the outer case, which is constructed of wood, with its outer walls made smooth and well varnished. The case A is divided into two compartments by a sheet-metal partition, 0, which is provided with a door, m. In the lower compartment 0 is arranged a stove con- .sisting of a fire-chamber, O, which communicates with a coniform flue, D, to the apex of which is attached a pipe, h, furnished with a large number of very small openings, as indicated at a; in Fig. 2. To the other (right hand) end of the pipe h is attached the apex of the coniform flue e,.in which is arranged a coniform flue, f, at the apex of which is a pipe which passes out through the flue e, sheetmetal casing l, and outer case A, and communicates with the chimney of the room in which the heating apparatus is placed. The pipe h is surrounded with a case, which forms an air-chamber, t, to which air is inducted through a coniform pipe, J. The stove is surrounded with a sheet metal casing, l, which extends from the floor to the partition, 0, and forms an air-chamber, at, between the outer walls of the casing Z and the inner wall of the case A. The stove is provided with a fire-door, w, and ash-pan k. The lower edge of the casing l is furnished with a series of apertures, a, and the outer case A at the lower edge is provided with corresponding apertures 1). Around the fire-door w are a series of small openings, 0. The apertures a, b, and c are for the purpose of admitting cold air into the casing l and around the fire-chamber O, and the flues D and 6; also for admitting air into the pipe J, which communicates with the chamber surrounding the perforated pipe h. The upper compartment 13 of the case A should have its inner back and end walls lined with thin slabs of marble, the outer face of which should be well polished. This will add much to the finish of the compartment B, but is not a necessity to the operation of the apparatus as a heater. The compartment A is furnished with front doors 8, the panels of which are glass. In the back wall of the compartment B are a series of openings, t, communicating with a flue, a, which is connected with a pipe, 2;, leading to the chimney of the room. The pipe 41 should be furnished with a valve for opening and closing it. The openings t, and flues u and c,

are used for carrying off the vapors and gases from the compartment B. The top of the compartment B is furnished with a register, R, for regulating the outflow of heat into the room.

The skillful mechanic, from the foregoing description and by reference to the accompanying drawings, will readily understand the construction and arrangement of the various parts of the heating apparatus, and the relation the several parts bear to each other. I will therefore proceed to describe the operation.

Fire is made in the chamber 0, and the flame and smoke, entering the coniform flue D, will, in their passage through it, be gradu- 'ally compressed to the diameter of the pipe h, and the air entering the pipe J will pass into the chamber 1', and from it through the small apertures into the pipe h, and commingle with the passing volume of heat and smoke, and thereby cause a more perfect combustion to follow by the commingling of the air and smoke at a point beyond the fire in the chamber 0 and flue D. The flame and the refuse of combustion will pass on through the flue e and into the flue f, and through it into the pipe g, and thence into the chimney of the room in which the heating apparatus is placed.

By the herein-described arrangement of the fines D e f, and air-chamber i, and perforated pipe 71 a very perfect combustion of the fuel is obtained, and the heat obtained therefrom is retained and utilized for the purpose of heating the air of the room by causing it to be revolved. The coldest air of the room is always next to the floor, and the stove within the sheet-metal casing I, which is within the outer casing A, will cause the air within the casing Zto become heated and rarefied, and will ascend into the chamber B, and the heating and rarefying 0f the air within the casing I will cause the cold air next the floor to rush in through the openings I) of the case A, and through the openings a and c of the casing 1, to take the place of the rarefied and ascending air which has already been heated.

The partition 0 may be furnished with a series of openings along the inner top edge of the casing l, for the purpose of allowing the heated air to pass from the easing into the chamber B, instead of passing up through the door m.

The heated air is allowed to pass from the chamber B by opening the register R; but if the room is too warm, by opening the valve, which should be placed in the pipe 2;, the heated air will pass through the openings it into the flue u, and from it into the pipe 2:, and thence into the chimney, with which it communicates. By the peculiar form of the crown of the firechamber and of the flue O, the heat is re flected down on the fire, as indicated by the arrows l and 2, thereby insuring perfect combustion of the fuel. The chamber B may be used for baking, roasting, drying clothes, 85c.

Neatness, cleanliness, economy of fuel, and great heating power are the principal advantages of the hereinbefore-described apparatus for heating;

Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as of my invention is-- The heating apparatus hereinbefore described, consisting of the outer-case A, divided by the partition 0 into two compartments, B and U, the latter furnished with a stove having a fire-chamber, C, coniform flues D e f, and perforated pipe h, surrounded by an air-chamber, 1?, the said stove being inclosed in a sheet-metal casing, Z, with an air-chamber,

n, between it and the inner walls of the outer case A, as and for the purpose set forth.

JAMES J. J OHVSTOB \Vitnesses:

YVM. W. S. DYRE, JNo. D. PATTEN. 

